The math module provides a variety of mathematical functions and constants for use.
Constants
math.pi: The value of the constant pi (3.14159…), the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.math.tau: The value of tau (6.28319…), which is equal to 2 * pi.math.e: The value of the constant e (2.71828…), the base of the natural logarithm.math.phi: The value of the golden ratio (1.618033…), a mathematical constant that appears in various areas of mathematics and physics.
math.min
The math.min function returns the minimum of its arguments.
Syntax
math.min(x, y, ...)
math.min(iterable)Parameters
x: The first number to compare.y: The second number to compare....: Additional numbers to compare.iterable: An iterable of numbers to compare.
Return value
The minimum of the arguments.
Example
import math
var value = math.min(5, 10)
print(value)
var numbers = [5, 10, 20, 30]
value = math.min(numbers)
print(value)
value = math.min(5..11)
print(value)math.max
The math.max function returns the maximum of its arguments.
Syntax
math.max(x, y, ...)
math.max(iterable)Parameters
x: The first number to compare.y: The second number to compare....: Additional numbers to compare.iterable: An iterable of numbers to compare.
Return value
The maximum of the arguments.
Example
import math
var value = math.max(5, 10)
print(value)
var numbers = [5, 10, 20, 30]
value = math.max(numbers)
print(value)
value = math.min(5..11)
print(value)math.mid
The math.mid function returns the midpoint of its arguments.
Syntax
math.mid(x, y, z)
math.max(numbers)Parameters
x: The first number to compare.y: The second number to compare.z: The third number to compare.numbers: A list of three numbers to compare.
Return value
The midpoint of the arguments.
Example
import math
var middle = math.mid(5, 10, 15)
print(middle)
var numbers = [5, 10, 15]
middle = math.mid(numbers)
print(middle)math.sum
The math.sum function returns the sum of its arguments.
Syntax
math.sum(x, y, ...)
math.sum(iterable)Parameters
x: The first number to add.y: The second number to add....: Additional numbers to add.iterable: An iterable of numbers to add.
Return value
The sum of the arguments.
Example
import math
var total = math.sum(5, 10)
print(total)
var numbers = [5, 10, 20, 30]
total = math.sum(numbers)
print(total)
total = math.sum(5..11)
print(total)math.floor
The math.floor function returns the largest integer less than or equal to the argument.
Syntax
math.floor(x)Parameters
x: The number to round down.
Return value
The largest integer less than or equal to the argument.
Example
import math
var rounded = math.floor(5.8)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.floor(-5.8)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.floor(5)
print(rounded)math.ceil
The math.ceil function returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the argument.
Syntax
math.ceil(x)Parameters
x: The number to round up.
Return value
The smallest integer greater than or equal to the argument.
Example
import math
var rounded = math.ceil(5.2)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.ceil(-5.2)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.ceil(5)
print(rounded)math.round
The math.round function returns the nearest integer to the argument. If the argument is exactly halfway between two integers, it rounds to the nearest even integer.
Syntax
math.round(x)Parameters
x: The number to round.
Return value
The nearest integer to the argument.
Example
import math
var rounded = math.round(5.5)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.round(-5.5)
print(rounded)
rounded = math.round(5)
print(rounded)math.acos
The math.acos function returns the inverse cosine (in radians) of the argument.
Syntax
math.acos(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the inverse cosine of.
Return value
The inverse cosine (in radians) of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the inverse cosine of a number
var radians = math.acos(0.5)
print(radians) // 1.047197551196598
// Find the inverse cosine of a negative number
radians = math.acos(-0.5)
print(radians) // 2.094395102393196
// Find the inverse cosine of an integer
radians = math.acos(1)
print(radians) // 0
math.cos
The math.cos function returns the cosine of the argument (in radians).
Syntax
math.cos(x)Parameters
x: The number (in radians) to find the cosine of.
Return Value
The cosine of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the cosine of a number (in radians)
var cosine = math.cos(1.0471975511965979)
print(cosine) // 0.4999999999999999
math.asin
The math.asin function returns the inverse sine (in radians) of the argument.
Syntax
math.asin(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the inverse sine of.
Return Value
The inverse sine (in radians) of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the inverse sine of a number
var radians = math.asin(0.5)
print(radians) // 0.5235987755982989
// Find the inverse sine of a negative number
radians = math.asin(-0.5)
print(radians) // -0.5235987755982989
// Find the inverse sine of an integer
radians = math.asin(1)
print(radians) // 1.5707963267948966
math.sin
The math.sin function returns the sine of the argument (in radians).
Syntax
math.sin(x)Parameters
x: The number (in radians) to find the sine of.
Return Value
The sine of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the sine of a number (in radians)
sine = math.sin(0.5235987755982989)
print(sine) // 0.5
// Find the sine of a negative number (in radians) sine = math.sin(-0.5235987755982989) print(sine) // -0.5
// Find the sine of an integer (in radians)
sine = math.sin(1)
print(sine) // 0.8414709848078965
math.atan
The math.atan function returns the inverse tangent (in radians) of the argument.
Syntax
math.atan(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the inverse tangent of.
Return Value
The inverse tangent (in radians) of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the inverse tangent of a number
var radians = math.atan(1)
print(radians) // 0.7853981633974483
// Find the inverse tangent of a negative number
radians = math.atan(-1)
print(radians) // -0.7853981633974483
// Find the inverse tangent of an integer
radians = math.atan(0)
print(radians) // 0.0
math.atan2
The math.atan2 function returns the inverse tangent (in radians) of the quotient of its arguments.
Syntax
math.atan2(y, x)
Parameters
y: The numerator of the quotient.x: The denominator of the quotient.
Return Value
The inverse tangent (in radians) of the quotient of the arguments.
Example
import math
// Find the inverse tangent of a quotient
radians = math.atan2(1, 1)
print(radians) // 0.7853981633974483
// Find the inverse tangent of a negative quotient
radians = math.atan2(-1, -1)
print(radians) // -2.356194490192345
// Find the inverse tangent of a quotient where the numerator is 0
radians = math.atan2(0, 1)
print(radians) // 0
// Find the inverse tangent of a quotient where the denominator is 0
radians = math.atan2(1, 0)
print(radians) // 1.5707963267948966
math.tan
The math.tan function returns the tangent of the argument (in radians).
Syntax
teamath.tan(x)Parameters
x: The number (in radians) to find the tangent of.
Return Value
The tangent of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the tangent of a number (in radians)
var tangent = math.tan(0.7853981633974483)
print(tangent) // 1.0
// Find the tangent of a negative number (in radians)
tangent = math.tan(-0.7853981633974483)
print(tangent) // -1.0
// Find the tangent of an integer (in radians)
tangent = math.tan(1)
print(tangent) // 1.5574077246549023
math.sign
The math.sign function returns the sign of the argument.
Syntax
math.sign(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the sign of.
Return Value
The sign of the argument: 1 if the argument is positive, -1 if the argument is negative, or 0 if the argument is 0.
Example
import math
// Find the sign of a positive number
var sign = math.sign(5)
print(sign) // 1
// Find the sign of a negative number
sign = math.sign(-5)
print(sign) // -1
// Find the sign of 0
sign = math.sign(0)
print(sign) // 0
math.abs
The math.abs function returns the absolute value of the argument.
Syntax
math.abs(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the absolute value of.
Return Value
The absolute value of the argument.
Example
Here are some examples of how to use the math.abs function:
import math
// Find the absolute value of a positive number
var abs = math.abs(5)
print(abs_value) // 5
// Find the absolute value of a negative number
abs = math.abs(-5)
print(abs_value) // 5
// Find the absolute value of 0
abs_value = math.abs(0)
print(abs_value) // 0
math.sqrt
The math.sqrt function returns the square root of the argument.
Syntax
math.sqrt(x)Parameters
x: The number to find the square root of.
Return Value
The square root of the argument.
Example
import math
// Find the square root of a positive number
var sqrt = math.sqrt(25)
print(sqrt) // 5
// Find the square root of 0
sqrt = math.sqrt(0)
print(sqrt) // 0
math.deg
The math.deg function converts an angle from radians to degrees.
Syntax
math.deg(x)Parameters
x: The angle in radians to be converted to degrees.
Return Value
The angle in degrees.
Example
import math
// Convert an angle from radians to degrees
var degrees = math.deg(1.5707963267948966)
print(degrees) // 90
// Convert a negative angle from radians to degrees
degrees = math.deg(-1.5707963267948966)
print(degrees) // -90
// Convert an integer angle from radians to degrees
degrees = math.deg(0)
print(degrees) // 0
math.rad
The math.rad function converts an angle from degrees to radians.
Syntax
math.rad(x)Parameters
x: The angle in degrees to be converted to radians.
Return Value
The angle in radians.
Example
import math
// Convert an angle from degrees to radians
var radians = math.rad(90)
print(radians) // 1.5707963267948966
// Convert a negative angle from degrees to radians
radians = math.rad(-90)
print(radians) // -1.5707963267948966
// Convert an integer angle from degrees to radians
radians = math.rad(0)
print(radians) // 0.0
math.exp
The math.exp function returns the value of the constant e (2.71828…) raised to the power of the argument.
Syntax
math.exp(x)
Parameters
x: The power to raiseeto.
Return Value
The value of e raised to the power of the argument.
Example
import math
// Raise e to the power of a positive number
var result = math.exp(5)
print(result) // 148.4131591025766
// Raise e to the power of a negative number
result = math.exp(-5)
print(result) // 0.006737946999085467
// Raise e to the power of 0
result = math.exp(0)
print(result) // 1